主观感知还是客观责任? ——中国农民工作回报期望影响因素研究

理清农民工作回报期望的影响因素进而精准施策,对于破解城乡发展不平衡和满足农民对美好生活的向往意义重大。利用Multinomial Logistic模型和CGSS2015相关数据的实证研究结论发现:以主观社会经济地位和外出务工经历为代表的主观感知性因素是影响农民工作回报期望的关键,而以养老责任和未成年子女数量为代表的客观责任因素的影响则不显著。同时,受教育程度也是影响农民工作回报期望的重要因素,受教育程度为初中及以下的农民对生理回报和安全回报有更强烈的诉求。     

Enabling everything: scale,disability and the film The Theory of Everything

This article looks at the representation of scale in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything, identifying moments that relate to three concerns: firstly, how disabled people experience scale issues at an all too practical level in daily life; secondly, how Hawking’s experience of scale at the level of both body and mind is (a)typical of the way it is experienced by disabled people generally; and, thirdly, how a focus on the film can prompt some rethinking of perspectives both within disability studies and within the conceptualisation of scale more broadly.     

Toward an Application Guide for Safety Integrity Level Allocation in Railway Systems

The work in the article presents the development of an application guide based on feedback and comments stemming from various railway actors on their practices of SIL allocation to railway safety‐related functions. The initial generic methodology for SIL allocation has been updated to be applied to railway rolling stock safety‐related functions in order to solve the SIL concept application issues. Various actors dealing with railway SIL allocation problems are the intended target of the methodology; its principles will be summarized in this article with a focus on modifications and precisions made in order to establish a practical guide for railway safety authorities. The methodology is based on the flowchart formalism used in CSM (common safety method) European regulation. It starts with the use of quantitative safety requirements, particularly tolerable hazard rates (THR). THR apportioning rules are applied. On the one hand, the rules are related to classical logical combinations of safety‐related functions preventing hazard occurrence. On the other hand, to take into account technical conditions (last safety weak link, functional dependencies, technological complexity, etc.), specific rules implicitly used in existing practices are defined for readjusting some THR values. SIL allocation process based on apportioned and validated THR values is finally illustrated through the example of “emergency brake” subsystems. Some specific SIL allocation rules are also defined and illustrated.     

安大简《国风》的次序及“侯风”试解

安大简《国风》并非全本,各风次序与今本《诗经》不尽相同,但其相对次序值得重视。在安大简中,《秦》在《魏》前,与《左传》相合;在安大简中,《侯》在《魏》前,从其实际内容看,相当于《魏》在《唐》前,与传世古书的次序相合。有一种可能性的解释是《侯》即《唐》,安大简中关于《魏》《唐》的实际相对次序与传世古书并无二致,但安大简的抄写者误将“侯(唐)”“魏”的风名分别安到《魏》和《侯(唐)》之上。     

君主专制与政治抵制:早期现代英国法律语境中的《复仇者悲剧》

英国自都铎王朝后期至斯图亚特早期，立宪君主论或混合君主论者抵制君权神授论，坚持家庭是一个自治的、涉及臣民私人权益的小政府，受到自然法、古代宪法或神圣法的保护。《复仇者悲剧》中公爵王室言行映射詹姆士一世在《皇家礼物》中所宣扬的君权神授论，温迪斯兄弟俩及追随者的复仇隐含当时的政治抵制学说，公爵王室与温迪斯兄弟俩的对立象征君权神授论与普通法理论的对峙。温迪斯兄弟俩却以威胁新君为由被处死，司法斗争简约为复仇冲动，维权英雄陡变为暴徒，暴君化身为明君，这暴露出君权神授论的悖论性和剧作家含混的复仇伦理。     

从空间构造论三岛由纪夫《潮骚》的主题建构

《潮骚》是三岛由纪夫描写唯美爱情故事的代表作。通过从叙事学角度对作品空间构造的分析可以看到，神社、灯塔分别以新治和初江为表象，具有对内与外的象征意义，同时体现出歌岛这个封闭空间的相对性。立体空间结构及若干对立关系的塑造和叙事视角的多角度转换使故事情节生动充实，既体现了作者对甜蜜爱情的赞美，也展示了故事深层所蕴含的主人公自我意识的觉醒，表现了三岛对理想之乡的向往和对现实的无奈。     

唐人对女娲神话书写考述

唐人在著述中常常提及到女娲神话,而在文学中女娲也逐渐演化为一种文学母题原型,成为"创造万物、构建秩序、救民困厄"的文学意象符号,演变成了造福人类的意象载体。与唐代以前女娲神话的文学书写意象不同,唐代的文人更多的是以女娲神话作为一种符号来表达自我情怀。而这种模式也使得女娲神话的书写呈现出由集体政治意识向个体生命意识、由宏大理想向现实情怀的转变。从唐人对女娲神话的态度和评价的转变中,可以更好地了解作家们的思想心态,从而更本真地把握唐代文学。     

The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

《出三藏记集》中的翻译思想与实践

《出三藏记集》记载了我国东汉至南朝齐梁年间的佛经翻译情况，是佛经翻译史研究的重要史料。《记集》从四个方面记录了这一时期的翻译思想和实践：僧祐从语言学和文艺学的角度对翻译的看法；译经僧们多用“出”表示翻译；佛经翻译原文多为胡本；译场的基本结构已经确定。     

作为一种哲学实践的“解释学”--论列奥·施特劳斯的解释方法

施特劳斯并没有一套普遍的解释学理论，但有细致精巧的解释方法。这种方法预设了哲学的可能性，也就是作为永恒根本问题的整全的存在。经典文本是对整全的模仿，对文本的解释就是一个通往整全的起点，解释的过程就是在与被解释者交往对话的过程中追问这个根本的问题，而其最终目的则是解释者与被解释者共同向整全开放。因此施特劳斯的解释方法就是一种哲学实践，解释并非仅仅是达到理解的目的的一种手段，解释的过程本身就具有价值，因为解释的过程就是哲学化的过程。像施特劳斯那样读书，在这个意义上就可以被看成是在践行哲人的生活方式。